Sunday, October 13, 2013

Rules You Will Never Learn in School - Bill Gates


RULE-1 : Life is not fair, get used to it!

RULE-2 : The world won't care about your self-esteem. The world will expect you to accomplish something BEFORE you feel good about yourself.

RULE-3 : You will NOT make $60,000 a year right out of high school. You won't be a vice-president with a car phone until YOU earn BOTH.

RULE-4 : If you think your Teacher is tough, wait till you get a Boss.

RULE-5 : Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity. Your Grandparents had a different word for burger flipping, they called it opportunity.

RULE-6 : If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about your mistakes, learn from them.

RULE-7 : Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now. They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool you thought you are. So before you save the rain forest from the parasites of your parent's generation, try delousing the closet in your own room.

RULE-8 : Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life HAS NOT. In some schools they have abolished failing grades and they'll give you as MANY TIMES as you want to get the right answer. This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to ANYTHING in real life.

RULE-9 : Life is not divided into semesters. You don't get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you FIND YOURSELF. Do that on your own time.

RULE-10 : Television is NOT real life. In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs.

RULE-11 : Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.

          After graduating from Senior high school, I've learned that life's not easy, Not as easy as you've been told before. You're not living in a fairytale. We can keep dreaming, that's sign that we're still alive. But you better work to achieve it. Life is tough, and we got to survive.

Wednesday, October 9, 2013

Chapter 2 [Discovering Computers 2011] Introduction to Computers Review



 Assignment By : Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.

1. How Did the Internet Evolve?

The Internet, also called the Net, is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational, institutions, and individuals. The Internet has its roots in ARPANET, a network started in 1969 to link scientific and academic researchers across the United States. In 1986, the National Science Foundation connected its huge network, called NSFnet, to ARPANET, creating a configuration of complex networks and hosts that became known as the Internet. Today, more than 550 million host computers connect to the Internet.


2. What Are the Various Types of Internet Connections, and What Are the Differences between Broadband and Dial-Up Connections?

Many home and small business users opt to connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet connections. DSL (digital subscriber line) provides Internet connections using regular copper telephone lines. Cable Internet service provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television network via a cable modem. Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access. Fixed wireless provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna to communicate via radio signals. A cellular radio network offers high speed Internet connections to devices with built-in compatible technology or computers with wireless modems. A Wi-Fi network uses radio signals. Satellite Internet service provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite. Some homes and small businesses connect to the Internet with dial-up access. Dial-up access, which is slower-speed technology, takes place when the modem in your computer connects to the Internet via a standard telephone line that transmits data and information using an analog (continuous wave) pattern.


3. What Are the Types of Internet Access Providers?

An access provider is a business that provides access to the Internet free or for a fee. An ISP (Internet service provider) is a regional or national access provider. An online service provider (OSP) provides Internet access in addition to members-only features. A wireless Internet service provider provides wireless Internet access to desktop and notebook computers and mobile devices with built-in wireless capabilities (such as Wi-Fi) or to  computers using wireless modems or wireless access devices.


4. What Is the Purpose of an IP Address, and What Is Its Relationship to a Domain Name?

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet. The Internet relies on IP addresses to send data to computers at specific locations. The IP address usually consists of four groups of numbers, each separated by a period. A domain name is the text version of an IP address.


5. What Is the Purpose of a Web Browser, and What Are the Components of a Web Address?

A Web browser,  or browser, is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages or access Web 2.0 programs. With an Internet connection established, you start a Web browser, which then retrieves and displays a starting Web page, sometimes called a home page. The home page usually contains links to other Web pages.  A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page. A  Web page has a unique address called a URL (Uniform  Resource Locator), or Web address. A Web address consists of a protocol, a domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific Web page or location on a Web page.


6. How Do You Use a Search Engine to Search for Information on the Web, and What Is the Difference between a Search Engine and a Subject Directory? 

A search engine is a program that finds Web sites, Web pages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific topic. To use a search engine,  you enter a word or phrase, called search text or  a  search query, that describes the item you want to find.  Each word in the search text is known as a keyword.  The search engine displays a list of hits. When clicked,  each hit displays an associated Web site or Web page. A   subject directory classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories and related subcategories. By clicking links, you move through levels to display a list of Web  pages about a desired topic. displays an associated Web site or Web page. A directory classifies Web pages in an organize categories and related subcategories. By clicking links, you move through levels to display a list of Webpage about a desire topic.


7. What Are the Types of Web Sites?

A portal is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single  location. A news Web site contains newsworthy material. An informational Web site contains factual information. A business/marketing Web site promotes or sells products or services. A blog, short for Weblog, is an informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order. A wiki is a collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser. An online social network, or social networking Web site, encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users. An educational Web site offers avenues for teaching and learning. An entertain- ment Web site provides an interactive and engaging envi- ronment. An advocacy Web site describes a cause, opinion, or idea. A Web application, or Web app, is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software through a Web browser or any computer or device connected to the Internet. A content aggregator is a business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to  subscribers for free or a fee. A personal Web site is maintained by a private individual or family.


8. How Do Web Pages Use Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video, Virtual Reality, and Plug-Ins?

Some Web pages use multimedia, which combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or  virtual reality. A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information such as a drawing, chart, or photo. Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence. Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound. Video consists of full-motion images played back at various speeds. Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate an environment that appears as three-dimensional space. A plug-in, or add-on, is a program that extends a browser’s capability to display multimedia elements.


9. What Are the Steps Required for Web Publishing? 

Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages. The fi ve major steps to Web publishing are: (1) plan a Web site, (2) analyze and design a Web site, (3) create a Web site, (4) deploy a Web site, and (5) maintain a Web site.


10. What Are the Types of E-Commerce?

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet. Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce consists of the sale of goods and services to the general public. Consumerto-consumer (C2C) e-commerce occurs when one consumer  sells directly to another, such as in an online auction.  Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce takes place between businesses that exchange goods and  services.


11. How Do E-Mail, Mailing Lists, Instant Messaging, Chat Rooms, VoIP, Newsgroups and Message Boards, and FTP Work?

E-mail (short for  electronic mail) is the transmission of messages and fi les via a computer network.  A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses  given a single name, so that everyone on the list receives  a message sent to the list. Instant messaging (IM) is a  real-time Internet  communications service that notifi es  you when one or more people are online. A chat room  is a location on an Internet server that permits users to  conduct real-time typed conversations. VoIP (Voice over  IP, or Internet Protocol), also called Internet telephony,  enables users to speak to other users over the Internet,  instead of the public switched telephone network. A   newsgroup is an online area in which users have written  discussions about a particular subject. A  message board  is a Web-based type of discussion group that is easier  to use than a newsgroup. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is  an Internet standard that permits fi le uploading and   downloading with other computers on the Internet.


12. What Are the Rules of Netiquette? 

Netiquette, which is short for Internet  etiquette, is the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet. Netiquette rules include: keep messages short, be polite, avoid sending flames or spam, use emoticons and acronyms, clearly identify a spoiler, read the FAQ,  12. do not assume material is accurate or up-to-date, and  never read someone’s private e-mail.

Tuesday, October 1, 2013

Chapter 1 [Discovering Computers 2011] Introduction to Computers Review





Assignment By: Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc. 

1. Why Is Computer Literacy Vital in Today’s World?

Computer literacy, or digital literacy, involves having current knowledge  and understanding of computers and their  uses. The  requirements that determine computer literacy change as technology changes. As computers become  more a part of everyday life, many people believe that computer literacy is vital to success.Computer Literacy refers to having the skills and the knowledge to use computers competently. Computer Literacy also implies that one is comfortable with using computer software and other applications that are related to the computer. Another important part of being computer literate is to know how the computer functions and operates. As of 2005,people having basic computer skills are considered very important assets in developed countries.
First world and developing countries consider computer literacy to be a very vital skill to acquire. Employers desire their workers to possess basic computer skills because their companies are becoming more technologically advanced. The computers help them to run their companies efficiently and cost effectively.
With the influence and essentiality of becoming computer literate individuals, people now regard that living without computer skills would now be unimaginable. People rely much on computers on the amount of work they can accomplish. 

2. What Is a Computer, and What Is the Relationship between Data and Information?   

A computer is an electronic device, operating under  the control of instruc- tions stored  in its own memory,  that can accept data, pro- cess the data according to specified rules, produce  results, and store the results for future  use. Data is a collection
of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Information conveys meaning and is useful to people.Basically there is no difference. Data could be the numbers and fields in a spreadsheet, that would also be the information that you would want to convey via the spreadsheet.
Data is a collection of facts, such as values or measurements. Information is collection of some data. For an example : A mobile number is a data, but a list of mobile numbers is information. 


3. List and Describe the Five Components of a Computer. 
The  electric, electronic, and mechanical components of a computer, or hardware, include input devices, output devices, a system unit, storage devices, and communica- tions devices. An input device  allows you to enter  data or instructions into a computer. An output device  conveys information to one or more people. The  system unitis a case that contains  the electronic components of a computer that are used to process data. A storage device records  and/or retrieves items to and from storage media. A communications device  enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers. 


4. What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages That Users Experience When Working with Computers? 

A user is anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates. Computers have the advantages of speed, reliability, consistency,  storage, and communications. They  perform operations at incred-ibly fast speeds, are dependable and reliable, consistently generate error-free results, can store enormous amounts of data, and can share processing  with other  computers. Disadvantages of computers relate to health risks, the violation  of privacy, public safety, the impact on the labor force, and the impact on the environment.

5.   What Is a Network, and What Are Its Benefits? 

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media. Networks allow com- puters to share resources, such as hardware, software, data, and information. Sharing  resources  saves time and money. The  world’s largest computer network  is the Internet.
  • file sharing - Network file sharing between computers gives you more flexibity than using floppy drives or Zip drives. Not only can you share photos, music files, and documents, you can also use a home network to save copies of all of your important data on a different computer. Backups are one of the most critical yet overlooked tasks in home networking.
  • printer / peripheral sharing - Once a home network is in place, it's easy to then set up all of the computers to share a single printer. No longer will you need to bounce from one system or another just to print out an email message. Other computer peripherals can be shared similarly such as network scanners, Web cams, and CD burners.
  • Internet connection sharing - Using a home network, multiple family members can access the Internet simultaneously without having to pay an ISP for multiple accounts. You will notice the Internet connection slows down when several people share it, but broadband Internet can handle the extra load with little trouble. Sharing dial-up Internet connections works, too. Painfully slow sometimes, you will still appreciate having shared dial-up on those occasions you really need it.
  • multi-player games - Many popular home computer games support LAN mode where friends and family can play together, if they have their computers networked.
  • Internet telephone service - So-called Voice over IP (VoIP) services allow you to make and receive phone calls through your home network across the Internet, saving you money.
  • home entertainment - Newer home entertainment products such as digital video recorders (DVRs) and video game consoles now support either wired or wireless home networking. Having these products integrated into your network enables online Internet gaming, video sharing and other advanced features.
Although you can realize these same benefits with a wired home network, you should carefully consider building a wireless home network instead, for the following reasons:

1. Computer mobility. Notebook computers and other portable devices are much affordable than they were a few years ago. With a mobile computer and wireless home network, you aren't chained to a network cord and can work on the couch, on your porch, or wherever in the house is most convenient at the moment.

2. No unsightly wires. Businesses can afford to lay cable under their floors or inside walls. But most of us don't have the time or inclination to fuss with this in our home. Unless you own one of the few newer homes pre-wired with network cable, you'll save substantial time and energy avoiding the cabling mess and going wireless.

3. Wireless is the future. Wireless technology is clearly the future of networking. In building a wireless home network, you'll learn about the technology and be able to teach your friends and relatives. You'll also be better prepared for future advances in network technology coming in the future


6.   How Are the Internet and World Wide Web Used? 

The  Internet is a worldwide  collection of networks  that connects  millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. People  use the Internet to communicate with and meet other  people; conduct  research  and access information and news; shop for goods and services; bank and invest; participate in online training; engage in entertaining activities; down- load music and videos; share information, photos,  and videos; and access and interact with Web  applications. The  Web, short  for World Wide Web, is a global library of documents containing information that is available to anyone connected to the Internet. 


7.   How Is System Software Different from Application Software?    

Software, also called a program, is a series of related  instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what actions to perform and how to perform them. System software  consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of a computer and its devices. Two types of system software are the operating system, which coordinates activities among  computer hardware  devices, and utility programs, which perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. Application software  consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assists them with personal  tasks. Popular application software includes Web  browsers, word processing  software, spreadsheet software, database software, and presentation software.